نحوه نصب GUI در ویندوز سرور 2016

If you’ve taken the time to install the latest build of Windows Server Technical Preview 2, you may have noticed that the graphical user interface (GUI) is no longer an option in a default install. When you’re prompted to select the operating system you want to install, you have two options.

Windows Server 2016 – Select the operating system you want to install
Windows Server 2016 – Select the operating system you want to install

The first option, Windows Server Technical Preview 2 (the verbiage will most likely be replaced with Windows Server 2016 when the product is eventually released) is the traditional Server Core install that doesn’t include the GUI.

Windows Server 2016 Server Core
Windows Server 2016 Server Core

Just to show you how hardcore and serious Microsoft is, the Control+Alt+Delete logon prompt sits in a command prompt box. I wouldn’t be surprised to see this one day go the way of UNIX/Linux and drop the window completely in favor of just straight text.
Control Alt Delete on Windows Server 2016 Server Core
Ctrl+Alt+Delete logon screen on Windows Server 2016 Server Core

The second option, Windows Server Technical Preview 2 (with local admin tools), is the “MinShell” install that contains a minimal GUI that includes Server Manager and the other GUI administration tools, but no traditional desktop.

Windows Server 2016 running MinShell
Windows Server 2016 running MinShell

Install the GUI on Server 2016 “MinShell” ^

If you’re running the MinShell version of Windows Server 2016 that includes Server Manager and the other GUI administrative tools, installing the full GUI is rather easy. At the command prompt that you get when you log in, type powershell and press Enter to run PowerShell. Then, run the following command:
Install-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell -Restart
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Install-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell -Restart
The first part is the Install-WindowsFeature PowerShell cmdlet that tells Windows to install a feature of Windows Server. The second part tells the cmdlet that you want to install the GUI. The last part tells Windows to automatically reboot after installing the feature. The reboot is required to finish the install; just be aware that adding -Restart will force the reboot immediately following the completion of the install.

Install the GUI on Windows Server 2016 MinShell using PowerShell
Install the GUI on Windows Server 2016 “MinShell” using PowerShell

Install the GUI on Server Core ^

If you decided to install Server Core, you have slightly more work to do to get the GUI installed. If you run the PowerShell command we used in the MinShell version of Windows Server 2016, it will fail and you’ll get a pretty big error message with lots of red error text: “Install-WindowsFeature : The request to add or remove features on the specified server failed. Installation of one or more roles, role services, or features failed. The source files could not be found.”

Error installing the GUI on Windows Server 2016 Server Core
Error installing the GUI on Windows Server 2016 Server Core

We can dig a little bit by running this PowerShell command:
Get-WindowsFeature *gui*
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Get-WindowsFeature *gui*
This will show us the installable GUI options on the server. As you can see in the screenshot below, the Install State is “Removed.” Because this is a Server Core install, options such as the GUI aren’t cached on the disk for quick install. Instead, we’ll have to access the OS install WIM file to install the GUI.

Looking at GUI options on Windows Server 2016 Server Core
Looking at GUI options on Windows Server 2016 Server Core

In my example, I’m using a Hyper-V VM that has the Windows Server Technical Preview 2 ISO image connected to the DVD drive so I can access the install.wim file. To install the GUI, I run this command:
Install-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell –Restart -Source wim:D:\sources\install.wim:4
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Install-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell –Restart -Source wim:D:\sources\install.wim:4
Install the GUI on Windows Server 2016 Server Core using PowerShell
Install the GUI on Windows Server 2016 Server Core using PowerShell

After a reboot on Windows Server 2016 MinShell or Server Core, you’ll be greeted by the full graphical user interface.

Windows Server 2016 with GUI enabled
Windows Server 2016 with GUI enabled

To install the GUI or not? ^

Most, if not all, organizations still have server-based applications that don’t play well with Server Core and need the full GUI. In many cases, the management tools and agents that we use to manage those servers are the apps that need the GUI. Until more vendors catch up to Microsoft’s philosophy, we’ll still see lots of sysadmins installing the GUI on their servers.

In a perfect world, I’d love to see Microsoft embrace some of the Linux philosophy with respect to GUIs. If the GUI was something that ran only when we needed it, then Windows systems administrators could run the GUI whenever they needed to perform certain administrative functions or use applications that don’t support a pure command-line interface.

That would also allow the GUI to remain in an offline mode when it wasn’t needed, and it could be patched without the need to constantly reboot the system for updates. As it stands today, the non-GUI version of Windows Server just looks like a GUI that’s been stripped of the Start menu/screen, Task Bar, File Explorer, and other useful GUI tools other than a few utilities. As for what the future holds for Windows Server, I don’t think the GUI will ever completely go away, but now is the time to start using and learning PowerShell before you’re left in the dust.